REFERENCE
UPDATED 4/17/03
Common abbreviations, found in used vehicle ads :
2WD = 2Wheel Drive
4WD = 4Wheel Drive
AWD = All Wheel Drive
AC = Air Conditioning
CC = Cruise Control
CAT = Catalytic Converter
EFI = Electronic Fuel Injection
FI = Fuel Injected
GVWR = Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
HD = Heavy Duty
HD EMISS = Heavy Duty Emissions
HM =Heated Mirrors
HP = Horsepower
MAN = Manual (steering/brakes, trans. usually)
OHC= Overhead Cam
PB = Power Brakes
PL,PDL = Power Door Locks
PM = Power Mirrors
PS = Power Steering
PW = Power Windows
STD = Standard
TPI = Tuned Port Injection
TBI = Throttle Body Injection
TW or TILT = Tilt steering Wheel
HEI = High Energy Ignition
L.O.F. = Lube,Oil,and change Filter
O2 Sensor = Oxygen sensor
R/R or R & R = Remove Replace
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Bolt threads and wiring
AWG = American Wire GaugeAssociations, Organizations, and Departments
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
Chain and Cable ratings
Chain If you know the weight rating of yours, NEVER EXCEED IT!
Normal Temp with Verticle Pull
Diameter
Weight Lbs/foot
Safe Load Lbs
Breaking Point Lbs
1/4
0.10
675
4,800
5/16"
0.16
1000
7,400
3/8"
0.23
1,500
10,600
7/16"
0.31
2,000
14,400
1/2"
0.40
2,400
18,700
9/16"
0.51
3,300
23,600
5/8"
0.63
4,000
29,000
3/4"
0.90
6,000
41,400
7/8"
1.23
8,000
56,000
1"
1.60
10,000
72,800
These are guideline figures. Chain varies.
Cable ( 6 Strand X 19 Wire)
Normal Temp with Verticle Pull | |||
Rod dia. | Weight Lbs/foot | Safe Load Lbs | Breaking point Lbs |
1/4" | 0.75 | 1200 | 5000 |
5/16" | 1 | 1700 | 7000 |
3/8" | 1.5 | 2500 | 10,000 |
7/16" | 2 | 3500 | 14,000 |
1/2" | 2.5 | 4500 | 18,000 |
Engine Oils
Here's a chart for Oils. Yes means that viscosity can be used. Always follow manufacturers requirements. This is a guideline only. Check your owners manual.
Engine Oil SAE Viscosity
Outside Temperature *F
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
20w-20
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
20w-40
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
20w-50
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10w-30
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10w-40
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
10
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
5w-30
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
5w-20
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
no
Gear Oil SAE Viscosity | Outside Temperature | ||||||
-20 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | |
75w | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no |
80w | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
80w-90 | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
85w | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
90 | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
140 | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
So you want to run airlines around your shop. Put a chuck by the door,etc....
Get out your tape measure !
Air Flow CFM
Length of Air Line in Feet
50
100
200
300
Recommended Air Line Size (dia in.)
1 - 5
1/2 "
1/2
1/2
1/2
6 - 10
1/2
3/4
3/4
3/4
11 - 15
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
16 - 20
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
21 - 25
3/4
3/4
1
1
26 - 30
3/4
3/4
1
1
31 - 35
3/4
1
1
1
36 - 40
1
1
1
1
41 - 59
1
1
1
1
60 - 79
1
1
1 - ¼
1 - ¼
80 - 100
1 - ¼
1 - ¼
1 - 1/2
1 - 1/2
A little more about air.......
Feet above Sea Level
Temp *F
Atmospheric pressure lbf/sq in
0
59.0
14.70
820
56.1
14.26
1640
53.2
13.85
2461
50.2
13.44
3281
47.3
13.03
4101
44.4
12.64
4921
41.5
12.26
5742
38.5
11.9
6562
35.6
11.53
8202
29.8
10.83
9843
23.9
10.17
11483
18.1
9.54
13123
12.2
8.94
14764
6.4
8.38
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Maximum wire lengths for automotive wiring
Wire Gauge AWG | Current Load in amps@ 12v DC | |||||
1amp | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | |
20ga. | 106ft | 53 | 26 | 17 | 13 | nr |
18 | 150 | 75 | 37 | 25 | 18 | 15 |
16 | 224 | 112 | 56 | 37 | 28 | 22 |
14 | 362 | 181 | 90 | 60 | 45 | 36 |
12 | 572 | 286 | 143 | 95 | 71 | 57 |
10 | 908 | 454 | 227 | 151 | 113 | 90 |
0 | 9708 | 4854 | 2427 | 1616 | 1213 | 970 |
I skip to zero gauge, since the data is not useful beyond this point. |
Continued
Wire Gauge AWG | Current Load in amps@ 12v DC | |||||
12amps | 15 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | |
20ga. | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr |
18 | 12 | nr | nr | nr | nr | nr |
16 | 18 | 14 | nr | nr | nr | nr |
14 | 30 | 24 | 18 | nr | nr | nr |
12 | 47 | 38 | 28 | nr | nr | nr |
10 | 75 | 60 | 45 | nr | nr | nr |
8 | 120 | 96 | 72 | 29 | nr | nr |
6 | 194 | 155 | 117 | 46 | 23 | nr |
4 | 307 | 246 | 185 | 74 | 37 | nr |
2 | 503 | 403 | 303 | 121 | 60 | 30 |
1 | 638 | 511 | 384 | 153 | 76 | 38 |
0 | 805 | 645 | 485 | 194 | 97 | 48 |
000 | 1296 | 1039 | 781 | 312 | 156 | 78 |
nr = NOT recomended |
Making, Shaping, and Treating of Steel
Anneal = To soften a metal piece and remove internal stresses by heating to it's critical temperature and allowing to cool slowly.Need metals for your next project? You can get them right here! Steel, aluminum, brass, copper, stainless steel, titanium, also plastics! Great source, easy ordering, and UPS Delivered right to your door.
Various measures for Steel sheet metal AIR = Air Injection Reactor
Gauge Number
Steel Weight Lbs per sq ft
Thickness Inches
Weight Lbs/sq ft
US Standard Gauge
Manufacturers Standard
Galvanized Sheet
Stainless Steel
14
3.12
0.0781
0.0747
3.2812
3.2187
16
2.50
0.0625
0.0598
2.6562
2.5750
18
2.00
0.0500
0.0478
2.1562
2.0600
20
1.50
0.0375
0.0359
1.65
1.5450
22
1.25
0.0312
0.0299
1.4062
1.2875
CCA = Cold Cranking Amps (in reference to batteries)
CEC = Combined Emission Control
CCS = Controlled Combustion System
ECM = Electronic Control Module
EFE = Early Fuel Evaporation
EGR = Exhaust Gas Recirculation
ETS = Engine Temperature Sensor (on Diesels)
HEI = High Energy Ignition
L.O.F. = Lube Front End, change engine Oil, and change oil Filter
O2 Sensor = Oxygen sensor
PCV = Positive Crankcase Ventilation
R/R or R & R = Remove Replace
TAC = Thermostatic Air Cleaner
TCS = Transmission Controlled Spark
TRC = Throttle Return Control
TVS = Thermal Vacuum Switch
VRV = Vacuum Regulator Valve (Diesels)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Steel Plate Weight per Square Foot
3/16" ======7.65 Lbs
1/4========10.20
5/16=======12.75
3/8========15.30
7/16=======17.85
1/2========20.40
1"=========40.80
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Round Steel Tubing
OD Size x wall thickness``````Weight per linear Foot
7/8" x 0.083```````````````````````0.7021 Lbs
======x 0.095```````````````````````0.7914
======x 0.109```````````````````````0.8917
======x 0.120```````````````````````0.9676
1=====x 0.083```````````````````````0.8129
======x 0.095```````````````````````0.9182
======x 0.109```````````````````````1.037
======x 0.120```````````````````````1.128
======x 0.250```````````````````````2.003
1-1/4 x 0.109```````````````````````1.328
======x 0.120```````````````````````1.448
1-1/2 x 0.095```````````````````````1.426
======x 0.109```````````````````````1.619
======x 0.250```````````````````````3.338
2=====x 0.095```````````````````````1.933
======x 0.120```````````````````````2.409
2-1/2 x 0.095```````````````````````2.440
======x 0.120```````````````````````3.050
..............0.120 = 11 ga
..............0.083 = 14 ga
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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